Roman Numeral Converter
Instantly convert between Roman numerals and standard numbers. Supports 1–3,999,999. Includes a Roman numeral reference chart.
Roman Numeral Reference
I
1
IV
4
V
5
IX
9
X
10
XL
40
L
50
XC
90
C
100
CD
400
D
500
CM
900
M
1,000
Frequently asked
questions
Traditionally, the highest standard Roman numeral is MMMCMXCIX (3,999). With the vinculum (a bar over letters meaning ×1,000), the system extends up to 3,999,999.
No, the Roman numeral system has no symbol for zero. The Romans used the Latin word "nulla" (meaning "none") rather than a placeholder digit.
Classical Roman notation uses subtractive rules: IV (4) instead of IIII, IX (9) instead of VIIII. However, IIII appears on clock faces — this is a historical quirk, possibly for visual balance with VIII opposite it.